Genetic disorders and types of genetic disorders

What are genetic disorders?
An abnormality in the DNA or any genome individual cause the genetic disorder. The abnormality can be caused due to several reasons like subtraction of the set of chromosome or even a single chromosome, it can also be caused due to small mutation of the gene etc.

The following are the four main types of genetic disorders:

1) Monogenic or single genetic disorder: The changes which occur in the DNA sequence causes monogenic disorders. Most vital functions o the life are performed by the Genes code for proteins and they constitute a major proportion in the cellular structure. The protein of the gene cannot carry a normal function if the gene is mutated.

2) Complex or Multi factorial: mutations in the multiple genes and the combination of the environmental factors causes the Complex or Multi factorial disorder. As, the name suggests it contains number of genes which makes it more complex disorder than the monogenic disorder. Multi factorial, is one of the most common disorder.

3) Chromosomal: Each cell has a nucleus which contains the Chromosomes which are the structures made of protein and DNA. Chromosomes are the main carriers of the genetic material any abnormality in the chromosomes causes Chromosomal disorder. Microscopic examination help to detect the major abnormalities taking place in the chromosomes. trisomy 21 or the Down syndrome are some of the commonly observed abnormalities due to copies of chromosomes.

4) Mitochondrial: Mutations in non-chromosomal DNA of the mitochondria causes the Mitochondrial genetic disorder. cellular respiration is the main function of the mitochondria, if any disorder in the functioning of the mitochondria can cause serious disorders.
Pattern of the Mitochondria