Genetics- An introduction

Genetics is one of the main streams of biology. It is also known as the science of variation and hereditary in the living organisms. The method of selecting breeding was discovered due to the fact that the living things are inherited from their parents. In the mid of the nineteenth century modern science of genetics started a research on the process of inheritance under the leadership of Gregor Mendel.

Genes corresponds to the regions within the DNA, which comprises of different types of nucleotides and the sequence of this nucleotides contain the genetic information of that organism. DNA is found in the double stranded form and the nucleotides of each strand are complementary to each other. A new partner can be created from the each strand which indirectly plays the role of a template.

Chains of amino acids creating the proteins are created by sequence of nucleotides in the gene translation done by cells. The order of nucleotides in the gene is corresponds to the order of the amino acids in a protein. This is popularly known as the genetic code. The amino acids found in proteins decide how to fold into a 3D shape and this structure is responsible for the function of protein. For the cells to survive the major functions for their survival are carried out by the proteins. protein's amino acids can be changed if there is a change of DNA in a gene. Also, the functions and shape are changed drastically along with it and it directly affects the life of the organism.

The combination of genetic is the major factor which ultimately decides the outcome in the organism. example the height and health are the factors determined by the genes in childhood and the outcome can be seen in the later years as well.